![]() ![]() We manipulated the sensory cues thought to contribute to perception in VR environments and tested the role of experience and feedback on performance. Virtual reality (VR) provides the ideal tool to investigate sensitivity to 3D motion because it allows us to present sensory signals that closely approximate those in the real world, while maintaining tight experimental control. Here we consider another possibility: that the sensitivity to 3D motion cues is context-dependent and needs to be learned for a given visual environment based on explicit visual feedback. This has led to the view that 3D motion perception relies in large part on heuristics and prior assumptions 6. Observers will also judge approaching objects to be receding and vice versa 5. Observers will judge that approaching objects will miss the head, even when they are on a collision course 3, 4. Such errors have been reported in the judgment of 3D motion. Poor sensory sensitivity will inevitably lead to inconsistent behavioral performance, but may also lead to more systematic perceptual errors. Previous studies have reported poor sensitivity to 3D motion cues 1, and some work has reported that observers will discount 3D motion cues altogether 2. The perception of 3D motion is fundamental to our interactions with the environment, but we have poor insight into the sensory cues that support its accuracy. Our findings advance understanding of human 3D motion processing and form a foundation for future study of perception in virtual and natural 3D environments. Specifically, we find that observers learn to exploit the small motion parallax cues provided by head jitter. By contrast, observers that experience the consequences of their actions improve performance based on available sensory cues to 3D motion. Observers that do not experience visual consequences of their actions fail to develop accurate 3D motion perception in a virtual reality environment, even after prolonged exposure. We find that these principles also obtain in adult human perception. For example, young kittens that are passively moved through an environment, but unable to move through it themselves, fail to develop accurate depth perception. The need for action-contingent visual feedback is well-established in the developmental literature. Here we explore an alternative: sensitivity to 3D motion signals is context-dependent and must be learned based on explicit visual feedback in novel environments. However, when tested in laboratory settings, sensitivity to 3D motion signals is found to be poor, leading to the view that heuristics and prior assumptions are critical for 3D motion perception. Send us feedback about these examples.3D motion perception is of central importance to daily life. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'parallax.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. oregonlive, 21 June 2021 In 1838, Bessel observed the apparent back-and-forth movement of the star 61 Cygni that results from our shifting perspective as Earth orbits the sun, an effect known as parallax. Ashley Strickland, CNN, 14 June 2020 This is called parallax. 2023 The stars appeared to be in different locations through the parallax effect, meaning that the stars seemed to shift against the background since New Horizons was viewing it from a different view point. Andrew Dyer, San Diego Union-Tribune, This information, along with the parallax distance, enabled The Times to calculate the balloon’s height using the geometric properties of similar triangles. 2023 To explain the apparent rotation, West pointed again to the ATFLIR pod and the parallax effect. 2016 During the competition, the robot’s head could be seen shifting from side to side as the operator used parallax to understand how far away objects were. ![]() Jeffrey Wilkerson, Discover Magazine, 25 Feb. Matt Crisara, Popular Mechanics, 18 July 2023 James Bradley, working in the 1720s, might offer a better starting point for serious work on attempting to observe parallax. Recent Examples on the Web Thankfully, Hansen says there are more than a few ways to trick our brain into creating parallax. ![]()
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